Breast cancer affects 1 in 8 women in the United States alone, making it one of the most common types of cancer. However, with early detection and treatment, the survival rate can be as high as 91%.
As we observe Breast Cancer Awareness Month, educating ourselves and spreading awareness about this disease is crucial. By understanding the risk factors, symptoms, and preventive measures, we can empower ourselves and our loved ones to take charge of our health.
Understanding Breast Cancer and Its Impact
Breast cancer occurs when abnormal cells in the breast tissue grow and form a tumor. If left untreated, this malignant breast tissue spreads to other parts of the body, causing severe health complications and even death. While it primarily affects women, men can also develop breast cancer.
Aside from the physical impact on individuals, breast cancer also has a significant emotional and financial toll on families. It can disrupt daily life routines and cause feelings of fear, anxiety, and depression for both patients and their loved ones.
Early detection is crucial in treating breast cancer effectively. Regular self-exams and breast cancer screening allow for early diagnosis and treatment, which significantly increases the chances of survival.
What Is Breast Cancer?
Breast cancer is a disease in which cells in the breast tissue grow and multiply abnormally, forming a tumor. The tumor can be either benign (non-cancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
There are several types of breast cancers, including:
- Ductal Carcinoma: the most common type where breast cancer starts in the milk ducts
- Lobular Carcinoma: cancer cells develop in the lobules, which produce breast milk
- Inflammatory Breast Cancer: a rare and aggressive form of breast cancer that causes redness and swelling in the affected area
Risk Factors and Statistics
Breast cancer can affect anyone, regardless of age or gender. However, certain factors increase an individual’s breast cancer risk. These include:
- Age: The older you are, you have a higher risk of developing breast cancer.
- Family history: You have an increased risk if you have a first-degree relative (parent or sibling) who is diagnosed with breast cancer.
- Genetic mutations: Certain genetic mutations, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2, can increase the likelihood of developing breast cancer.
- Lifestyle factors: Obesity, alcohol consumption, and lack of physical activity may also increase the risk for breast cancer.
It is essential to note that having one or more risk factors does not necessarily mean an individual will develop breast cancer. On the other hand, some individuals without any known risk factors may still develop the disease.
Therefore, it is crucial to conduct monthly breast self-exams and screening tests regardless of your risk level.
Prevalence and Breast Cancer Survival Rates
According to the National Cancer Institute (NCI), breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women. In rare cases, 1 out of every 100 breast cancer cases are detected in men.
In 2021, there are about 3,972,256 women in the United States who have breast cancer. Data from the American Cancer Society estimates that in 2024, there will be approximately 310,720 new cases of this breast disease in the United States that are considered invasive.
The same study from the American Cancer Society also showed that while there is a 13% chance that a woman will develop breast cancer, death rates have steadily decreased through the years, with an overall decline rate of 42%.
At the time of this writing, there are about 4 million breast cancer survivors in the United States. With early detection of breast cancer, there is a 91.2% 5-year breast cancer survival rate.
The Importance of Education in Breast Cancer Awareness
Education is the cornerstone of breast cancer awareness. When individuals understand the disease, its symptoms, and its risk factors, they can make informed decisions about their health.
Educating yourself and others can help promote early detection, which is essential for effective treatment and better outcomes.
Learning About Breast Cancer Signs and Symptoms
The most common symptom of breast cancer is a lump or mass in the breast or underarm area. Other signs and symptoms may include:
- Changes in the shape, size, or appearance of a breast
- Nipple changes, such as inversion, discharge, or redness
- Skin changes on the breast, such as dimpling or puckering
It is crucial to note that not all lumps or changes in the breasts are cancerous. However, it is highly recommended to consult a doctor if any of these symptoms persist.
Additionally, a physical diagnosis is not the only way to detect breast cancer. Regular mammograms, a clinical breast exam, and other screening tests can also help identify abnormalities in the breast tissue.
Resources for Breast Cancer Information and Support
For more information about breast cancer, you can refer to the following:
- National Cancer Institute: Breast cancer resources
- American Cancer Society: Breast cancer page
- World Health Organization: Breast cancer newsroom
- Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: CDC breast cancer
- National Breast Cancer Foundation Inc.: About breast cancer
If you or your loved one is diagnosed with breast cancer, there are support groups available to provide emotional and practical support:
- My Breast Cancer Support: Financial and emotional support
- Cancer Support Community: Cancer-related support group
- METAvivor: Metastatic breast cancer support group
How to Do a Self-Breast Exam Effectively
A monthly breast self-exam is one of the simplest yet cost-effective ways to detect and prevent breast cancer.
Performing these regularly can help you become familiar with the feel of your breasts so you can recognize any unusual changes early.
Step-by-Step Guide to Self-Breast Exams
1. Stand in front of a mirror
Stand undressed from the waist up in front of a mirror with your arms relaxed at your sides.
Look closely at both breasts for any visible signs of change, such as differences in size, shape, or color. Be alert for signs of breast swelling, redness, or a texture that resembles an orange peel.
2. Raise your arms
Raise both of your arms high above your head. Check to see if you notice any differences or breast changes between one breast and the other breast. Look for signs like dimpling, puckering, or nipple changes.
3. Note any unusual discharge
Gently squeeze your nipples with your thumb and forefinger. See if any fluid comes out (clear, yellow, or blood). If you notice any unusual discharge, consult a healthcare provider.
4. Feel your breasts while lying down
Lie down on your back. This helps spread the breast tissue evenly across your chest. Using your three middle fingers on your left hand, begin examining your right breast. Use a circular motion, moving your fingers around the entire breast.
Apply different levels of pressure:
- Light pressure for the tissue just beneath the skin
- Medium pressure for the middle layer of tissue
- Firmly squeeze for deeper tissue, ensuring you check for lumps or thickening.
5. Switch sides
Now, repeat the process on your left breast, using the three middle fingers of your right hand. Take your time to feel the entire breast thoroughly. Notice if there are any lumps, hard knots, or other abnormalities.
When and How Often to Conduct Breast Self-Exams
The best time to perform a self-exam is a few days after your period ends when breasts are least likely to be swollen or tender.
If you are postmenopausal, aim for the same day each month to maintain consistency.
The Role of Regular Breast Screenings in Prevention
Regular breast screenings are critical for detecting breast cancer early. Screenings such as mammograms can detect cancer before any symptoms appear, giving patients more treatment options and improving survival rates.
Recommended Breast Screening Guidelines
Breast cancer screening methods are essential for early detection, which can significantly improve the chances of successful treatment. Here are the most common screening methods used to detect breast cancer:
Mammogram
A mammogram is an X-ray of the breast and is the most widely used screening tool for detecting breast cancer. It can identify tumors or abnormalities in breast tissue before they can be felt.
- Screening mammograms: Used for women without symptoms to detect early-stage breast cancer.
- Diagnostic mammograms: Used for women with symptoms or abnormal results from a screening mammogram.
Recommended for: Women starting at age 40–50, depending on personal and family risk factors.
Breast Ultrasound
An ultrasound uses sound waves to produce images of the inside of the breast. It’s often used as a follow-up to an abnormal mammogram or for women with dense breast tissue, where mammograms may be less effective.
- Common uses: To determine if a lump is solid or filled with fluid (cyst) and to provide additional information on areas seen in a mammogram.
Recommended for: Women with dense breasts or suspicious findings from other screening methods.
Clinical Breast Exam (CBE)
A clinical breast exam is performed by a healthcare provider, who manually checks the breasts and underarms for lumps or other abnormalities. It is a physical examination that can complement mammograms, especially for women under 40.
Recommended for: Women in their 20s and 30s every 1 to 3 years and annually for women over 40.
Breast Self Exam
While not an official screening method, breast self-exams involve a woman checking her own breasts for lumps, changes in size, or any other irregularities. Regular breast self-exams can help women become familiar with their breasts and notice any changes early.
Recommended for: Women of all ages, typically performed monthly.
How CityDoc Supports Your Breast Health Journey
Your breast health is a vital aspect of your overall well-being, and CityDoc is here to support you every step of the way. Our clinics offer convenient access to breast cancer screenings, including mammograms and clinical breast exams.
We also provide information on how to conduct breast self-exams at home and educate our patients about the importance of regular screenings. Our healthcare professionals are dedicated to providing compassionate care and support throughout your breast health journey.
To find a CityDoc location near you, visit our website or give us a call today.
Creating a Supportive Community
Raising breast cancer awareness isn’t something we do alone. It takes a community of individuals, organizations, and healthcare providers to make a significant impact.
By coming together, we can create a supportive environment for those affected by breast cancer and educate others on the importance of regular screenings. Here are ways you can get involved and support breast cancer awareness:
Encouraging Friends and Family to Get Involved
A patient’s family and friends are the first line of support during their breast cancer journey. Encourage them to get involved in events and activities that raise awareness and show support for those affected.
Some of the ways to motivate friends and family include:
- Participating in a breast cancer walk or run event
- Hosting a fundraising event, such as a bake sale or auction, with proceeds going towards breast cancer research
- Sharing information on social media about the importance of regular screenings and early detection
Sharing Personal Stories and Experiences
Nothing is more powerful than the stories of those who have battled breast cancer. Whether you’re a survivor, a caregiver, or someone supporting a loved one, sharing your journey can inspire others to take action.
It also helps to break the stigma surrounding breast cancer and encourages open conversations about this disease.